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The Convergence of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender: Multiple Identities in Counseling / Edition 4 available in Paperback
The Convergence of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender: Multiple Identities in Counseling / Edition 4
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Overview
Pre- and in-service counselors get a wealth of authoritative suggestions and practical advice for working effectively with a variety of clients from today’s multiculturally diverse world. Through the author’s careful examination of convergence—the intersection of race, ethnicity, gender, and other primary identity constructs within the context of counseling—readers see their roles and responsibilities as agents of transformation, while recognizing the way in which dominant cultural beliefs and values furnish and perpetuate clients’ feelings in both the therapeutic process and within the larger society.
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9780132615631 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Pearson |
| Publication date: | 03/14/2012 |
| Pages: | 312 |
| Product dimensions: | 7.30(w) x 9.10(h) x 0.50(d) |
Table of Contents
Part 1 Imaging Diversity 1
Chapter 1 Multiple Identities Defined 1
Multicultural Counseling and Psychology Defined 3
Diversity: An Overview 5
A, B, and C Dimensions 6
Conceptualization of the Self 7
Images of Diversity 8
Culture 8
Race 9
Ethnicity 10
Gender 11
Sexuality 12
Disability 13
Socioeconomic Class 14
Spirituality 15
Implications for Counselors and Psychologists 16
Case Study: Desperation 16
Summary 19
Chapter 2 Multicultural Competencies and Guidelines 20
Multicultural Competencies 21
Competency One: Counselor Awareness of Own Cultural Values and Biases 21
Competency Two: Counselor Awareness of Client's Worldview 21
Competency Three: Counselor Use of Culturally Appropriate Intervention Strategies 22
Guidelines 24
Diversity Training 24
Assessment and Research 26
Implications for Counselors and Psychologists 28
Case Study: Client Identities 29
Summary 31
Chapter 3 Statused Identities 32
Identities as Status: The Contextual and Social Construction of Differences Model 32
Assumptions of Hierarchical Socialization Patterns 34
Racism 35
Patriarchy 39
Sexism 40
Homophobia 41
Able-Bodyism 41
Class Elitism 42
Ageism 43
Implications for Counselors and Psychologists 44
Case Study: The Difference Class Makes 45
Summary 47
Part 2 Valued Cultures 48
Chapter 4 Native Americans and Alaskan Natives 48
Harmony and Balance 48
History 49
Demography 50
Social, Psychological, and Physical Health Issues 52
Cultural Philosophies and Values 54
Acculturation 56
Case Study: A Wounded Mind 58
Implications for Counselors and Psychologists 59
Summary 60
Chapter 5 Latinos 61
The Spanish, Portuguese, Indians, Asians, and Africans 62
Demography 62
Geography 63
Migratory Patterns from Mexico 64
Social, Psychological, and Physical Health Issues 65
Migration and Acculturation 66
Cultural Orientation and Values 68
Implications for Counselors and Psychologists 71
Case Study: Oblivious 72
Summary 73
Chapter 6 People of African Descent 74
History, CE 500-1500 75
The Slave Trade 75
Resistance to Slavery 77
Demographic Trends 78
Social, Psychological, and Physiological Health Issues 78
Physical Appearance 80
Cultural Orientation and Values 81
Implications for Counselors and Psychologists 85
Case Study: Anxiety Attacks 85
Summary 87
Chapter 7 People of Asian Descent, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders 88
Migratory Patterns 89
Demography 91
Social, Psychological, and Physical Health Issues 92
Acculturation and Experiences in America 97
Cultural Orientation and Values 99
Implications for Counselors and Psychologists 101
Case Study: Dual Diagnosis 101
Summary 104
Chapter 8 People of the Middle East and Arab Americans 105
The Africans, Asians, Europeans, and Arabs 106
Muslims and Arabs: Differences and Similarities 107
Migratory Patterns from the Middle East 108
Demography 109
Social, Psychological, and Physical Health Issues 109
Cultural Orientation and Values 112
Implications for Counselors and Psychologists 113
Case Study: Perceptions of Dangerousness 114
Summary 115
Part 3 Converging Identities 116
Chapter 9 Converging Race 116
The Social Construction of Race 116
Race and Science 119
Origins of Racial Groups 121
Racial and Ethnic Identity Development 122
Ethnic Identity 123
Native American Identity 124
Asian American Identity Development 125
African American Racial Identity 126
Latino Identity Development 128
White Racial Identity Development 130
Optimal Theory Applied to Identity Development 132
Implications for Counselors and Psychologists 133
Case Study: Teaching Privilege to the Privileged 135
Summary 137
Chapter 10 Converging Biracial and Multiracial Identities 138
Definitions 139
Demography 139
The One-Drop Rule 142
The Fluidity of Race 144
Biracial and Multiracial Identity Development 145
Research and Biracial and Multiracial Populations 147
Biracial Identity Development 147
Case Study: Denial of Self 149
Summary 152
Chapter 11 Converging Gender 153
Gender Definitions 154
Gender and Biology 155
The Social Construction of Gender 155
Undoing Gender 160
Sex and Gender Roles 162
Gender and Emotion 162
Gender and the Body 164
Gender and Experiences in Therapy 168
Gender Identity Models 170
The Womanist Model 170
White Male Identity Development Model 171
Implications for Counselors and Psychologists 171
Case Study: Building Rapport 173
Summary 175
Chapter 12 Converging Socioeconomic Class 176
The Invisibility of Class as a Variable in Counseling 177
The Intersections of Class 178
Class: An Identity Construct 179
Middle-Class Bias and Counselor Training 180
The Fluidity of Class-Status 183
Middle-Class Bias and Ethical Standards 184
Classism 186
Implications for Counselors and Psychologists 187
Case Study: Class Divide 188
Summary 191
Chapter 13 Converging Sexuality 192
Definitions and Terminology 193
Narrative Questions 197
The Importance of a Focus on Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues in Counseling 197
Developmental Processes 200
Cass's Model of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Sexual Identity Formation 201
Troiden's Homosexual Identity Development Model 205
Sullivan's Model of Sexual Identity Development 206
Counseling Gays, Lesbians, and Bisexuals of Color 206
Implications for Counselors and Psychologists 207
Case Study: Assigning Gender 209
Summary 211
Chapter 14 Converging Disability 212
Understanding Disability 213
Disability Studies 214
The Social Construction of Disability 215
Perfection, Beauty, and the Able Body 217
Implications for Counselors and Psychologists 219
Case Study: Rethinking Manhood 220
Summary 222
Chapter 15 Converging Spirituality 223
Spirituality and Religion Defined 223
Case Study: Crises of Faith 224
Clinical Skills in Integrating Spirituality and Psychotherapy 226
Spirituality, Therapy, and Cultural Considerations 228
Diverse Healing Strategies 230
Effective Lay-Led Healing 230
Other Approaches 232
Creative Arts 232
Wellness 232
Implications for Counselors and Psychologists 232
Summary 233
Epilogue 234
References 235
Name Index 269
Subject Index 275